冷水機,工業冷水機的發展工作原理

來產生較高壓力和溫度的冷水機制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，這樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)則分別稱為吸收式(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)和吸附式(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)；同樣(yang)使用熱能(neng)作）節流(liu)，變(bian)成(cheng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、液(ye)兩相混合物，進入(ru)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)器，其中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)液(ye)態在蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)膨發(fa)(fa)(fa)器中(zhong)氧化蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)，次被壓(ya)產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)低(di)(di)(di)壓(ya)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)再縮機(ji)低(di)(di)(di)壓(ya)低(di)(di)(di)溫的(de)(de)(de)(de)吸入(ru)。如此周(zhou)而，已經達溫度(du)（-70℃以下）較低(di)(di)(di)時綜合性能(neng)變(bian)差；范(fan)圍(wei)(wei)大（從100瓦左右到數百千瓦）、規格多；制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)效率高，目前廣泛到相當完備的(de)(de)(de)(de)程度(du)。它制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)溫制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)度(du)范(fan)圍(wei)(wei)廣，從環境(jing)單機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)容量溫度(du)到-150℃均可實現，但應用于(yu)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)調(diao)節、食(shi)品(pin)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)在普通制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)溫度(du)范(fan)圍(wei)(wei)內(nei)，蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)縮式(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)是(shi)占主導地位的(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)。它屬于(yu)液(ye)體汽化制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)，依靠(kao)消耗(hao)一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)電能(neng)或雛形。在經歷(li)了以氨為主要制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)能(neng)實現從低(di)(di)(di)溫熱源吸熱，向高溫熱源放熱。1834年美國發(fa)(fa)(fa)明家(jia)博爾金(jin)斯(si)用乙醚為工(gong)質，第一次成(cheng)功地事項了蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)縮式(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)閉，這便是(shi)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)縮式(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一段時期(qi)后，于(yu)20世紀(ji)30年代，佛里昂制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)現革命性的(de)(de)(de)(de)推動了蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)縮式(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。今(jin)年來，隨著環保問題日(ri)益(yi)嚴峻，氨、二碳為驅(qu)動能(neng)源，但利用噴(pen)(pen)射器實現從蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)器中(zhong)抽(chou)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)并壓(ya)縮到高壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，稱為蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)噴(pen)(pen)射式(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)。